

@article {9107,
	title = {{Quantitative study of persistence of human norovirus genome in water using TaqMan real-time RT-PCR}},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Microbiology},
	volume = {104},
	number = {3},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {707{\textendash}715},
	abstract = {AIMS: To evaluate the persistence of human norovirus (NoV) in different types of water at various temperatures using conventional and TaqMan real-time reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). METHODS AND RESULTS: Water from different sources was spiked with NoV and incubated at different temperatures over a 3-month period. NoV viral RNA was amplified by one-step TaqMan real-time RT-PCR and by conventional two-step RT-PCR. NoV persisted in mineral and tap water for over 2 months at all tested temperatures but disappeared after 100 days. At 4 and -20 degrees C, viral degradation was slower than that at 25 degrees C. In river water and effluent from primary sewage treatment, a slight reduction in viral load was observed after 1 month at 4 degrees C. This is the first demonstration of medium-to-long-term survival of human NoVs in different types of water using TaqMan real-time detection. CONCLUSIONS: NoV genome may persist for long periods of time in different types of water. Quantitative TaqMan real-time RT-PCR is a sensitive system that allows accurate evaluation of the persistence of human NoVs in different water samples. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Our study is one of the few to demonstrate the ability of NoV to survive for a long time in water.},
	keywords = {Enteric viruses, Human norovirus, Persistence, TaqMan real-time, Water samples},
	isbn = {1365-2672 (Electronic){\$}\backslash{\$}r1364-5072 (Linking)},
	issn = {13645072},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03597.x},
	author = {Ngazoa, E S and Fliss, I and Jean, J}
}
