

@article {8783,
	title = {{Sanitising black water by auto-thermal aerobic digestion (ATAD) combined with ammonia treatment}},
	journal = {Water Science and Technology},
	volume = {72},
	number = {12},
	year = {2015},
	month = {dec},
	pages = {2112{\textendash}2121},
	abstract = {The effect of a two-step process on the concentration of pathogens and indicator microorganisms in black water (0.9-1{\%} total solids) was studied. The treatment combined auto-thermal aerobic digestion (ATAD) and ammonia sanitisation. First, the temperature of the black water was increased through ATAD and when a targeted temperature was reached (33, 41 and 45.5 {\textdegree}C studied), urea was added to a 0.5{\%} concentration (total ammonia nitrogen {\textgreater}2.9 g L$^{-}${\textonesuperior}). Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. were reduced to non-detectable levels within 3 days following urea addition at temperatures above 40 {\textdegree}C, whereas when urea was added at 33 {\textdegree}C E. coli was still present after 8 days. By adding urea at temperatures of 40 {\textdegree}C and above, a 5 log10 reduction in Enterococcus spp. and a 3 log10 reduction in Ascaris suum eggs was achieved 1 week after the addition. With combined ATAD and ammonia treatment using 0.5{\%} ww urea added at an aerobic digestion temperature {\textgreater}40 {\textdegree}C, black water was sanitised regarding the pathogens studied in 2 weeks of total treatment time.},
	issn = {0273-1223},
	doi = {10.2166/wst.2015.432},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26675998 http://wst.iwaponline.com/cgi/doi/10.2166/wst.2015.432},
	author = {Nordin, A. C. and Vinneras, B.}
}
