

@article {7593,
	title = {{Ultrafiltration-based techniques for rapid and simultaneous concentration of multiple microbe classes from 100-L tap water samples}},
	journal = {Journal of Microbiological Methods},
	volume = {73},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {92-99},
	abstract = {<p>This study focused on ultrafiltration as a technique for simultaneously concentrating and recovering viruses, bacteria and parasites in 100-L drinking water samples. A chemical dispersant, sodium polyphosphate, and Tween 80 were used to increase microbial recovery efficiencies. Secondary concentration was performed to reduce sample volumes to 3-5\&nbsp;mL for analysis using tissue culture, microscopy, and real-time PCR and RT-PCR. At seeding levels of 100-1000 (CFU, PFU, oocysts, or particles), a "high-flux" ultrafiltration procedure was found to achieve mean recoveries of 51-94{\%} of simultaneously seeded MS2 bacteriophage, echovirus 1, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Bacillus atrophaeus subsp. globigii endospores, Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, and 4.5-$μ$m microspheres. When 4-7{\%} of the final sample concentrate volume was assayed using real-time PCR and RT-PCR, overall method sensitivities were {\textless} 100 C. parvum oocysts, {\textless} 240\&nbsp;PFU echovirus 1, {\textless} 100\&nbsp;CFU Salmonella and \~{} 160\&nbsp;CFU B. atrophaeus spores in 100-L drinking water samples. The "high-flux" ultrafiltration procedure required approximately 2\&nbsp;h, including time required for backflushing. Secondary concentration procedures required an additional 1-3\&nbsp;h, while nucleic acid extraction and real-time PCR procedures required an additional 2-2.5\&nbsp;h. Thus, this study demonstrated that efficient recovery and sensitive detection of diverse microbes in 100-L drinking water samples could be achieved within 5-8\&nbsp;h using ultrafiltration, rapid secondary processing techniques, and real-time PCR.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1016/j.mimet.2008.02.014},
	author = {Polaczyk, A.L. and Narayanan, J. and Cromeans, T.L. and Hahn, D. and Roberts, J.M. and Amburgey, J.E. and Hill, V.R.}
}
