

@article {7583,
	title = {{Relevance of Bacteroidales and F-specific RNA bacteriophages for efficient fecal contamination tracking at the level of a catchment in France}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {78},
	number = {15},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {5143-5152},
	abstract = {<p>The relevance of three host-associated Bacteroidales markers (HF183, Rum2Bac, and Pig2Bac) and four F-specific RNA bacteriophage genogroups (FRNAPH I to IV) as microbial source tracking markers was assessed at the level of a catchment (Daoulas,France). They were monitored together with fecal indicators (Escherichia coli and enterococci) and chemophysical parameters (rainfall, temperature, salinity, pH, and turbidity) by monthly sampling over 2 years (n=240 water samples) and one specific sampling following an accidental pig manure spillage (n=5 samples). During the 2-year regular monitoring, levels of E. coli,enterococci, total F-specific RNA bacteriophages, and the general Bacteroidales marker AllBac were strongly correlated with one another and with Rum2Bac (r=0.37 to 0.50, P{\textless}0.0001). Their correlations with HF183 and FRNAPH I and II were lower (r=0.21 to 0.29,P{\textless}0.001 to P{\textless}0.0001), and HF183 and enterococci were associated rather than correlated (Fisher{\textquoteright}s exact test, P{\textless}0.01). Rum2Bac and HF183 enabled 73{\%} of water samples that had{\textgreater}2.7 log10 most probably number (MPN) of E. coli/100 ml to be classified. FRNAPH I and II enabled 33{\%} of samples at this contamination level to be classified. FRNAPH I and II complemented the water sample classification obtained with the two Bacteroidales markers by an additional 8{\%}. Pig2Bac and FRNAPH III and IV were observed in a small number of samples (n=0 to 4 of 245). The present study validates Rum2Bac and HF183 as relevant tools to trace fecal contamination originating from ruminant or human waste,respectively, at the level of a whole catchment. {\textcopyright} 2012, American Society for Microbiology.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.00315-12},
	author = {Mauffret, A. and Caprais, M.-P. and Gourmelon, M.}
}
