

@article {7552,
	title = {{Application of cation-coated filter method to detection of noroviruses, enteroviruses, adenoviruses, and torque teno viruses in the Tamagawa River in Japan}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {71},
	number = {5},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {2403-2411},
	abstract = {<p>The occurrence of human enteric viruses in surface water in the Tamagawa River, Japan, was surveyed for 1 year, from April 2003 to March 2004. Sixty-four samples were collected from six sites along the river, and 500 ml of the sample was concentrated using the cation-coated filter method, which was developed in our previous study. This method showed recovery yields of 56{\%} {\textpm} 32{\%} (n = 37) for surface water samples inoculated with polioviruses. More than one kind of tested virus was detected in 43 (67{\%}) of 64 samples by TaqMan PCR. Noroviruses and adenoviruses were detected in a high positive ratio; 34 (53{\%}), 28 (44{\%}), and 29 (45{\%}) of 64 samples were positive for norovirus genotype 1 and genotype 2 and adenoviruses, respectively. The mean concentrations of norovirus genotype 1 or genotype 2 determined by real-time PCR were 0.087 and 0.61 genome/ml, respectively, showing much higher values in winter (0.21 genome/ml for genotype 1 and 2.3 genomes/ml for genotype 2). Enteroviruses were detected by both direct PCR (6 of 64 samples; 9{\%}) and cell culture PCR (2 of 64 samples; 3{\%}). Torque teno viruses, emerging hepatitis viruses, were also isolated in three samples (5{\%}). The concentration of total coliforms and the presence of F-specific phages showed a high correlation with the presence of viruses, which suggested that the simultaneous use of total coliforms and F-specific phages as indicators of surface water may work to monitor viral contamination. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2005, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.71.5.2403-2411.2005},
	author = {Haramoto, E. and Katayama, H. and Oguma, K. and Ohgaki, S.}
}
