

@mastersthesis {7344,
	title = {District-heating systems and local energy strategies},
	year = {1994},
	note = {C376306},
	school = {Lunds Universitet (Sweden)},
	type = {phdFil.{Dr}.},
	address = {Ann Arbor},
	abstract = {This work discusses the role of energy efficiency improvements and renewable energy sources in reducing environmental impact. Energy systems with low emissions of acidifying gases and carbon dioxide are identified for Western Scania, Sweden while conforming to the government policy of phasing out nuclear power, reducing oil consumption, limiting hydropower development, and maintaining economic growth. Carbon dioxide emissions can be reduced to 75\% of 1988 levels by 2010 if the future energy system is based on efficient end-use technologies, cogeneration, and renewable energy sources, and acidifying gases to 50\% by using cleaning technologies and by choosing fuels with low sulphur content. There may be conflicts, however, between efficient energy use and high utilization of existing supply facilities, reducing the possibilities to implement energy efficiency improvements. Energy conservation measures, particularly in district-heated buildings, have also been questioned because of the high capital intensity of district-heating systems. Analyses of the interaction between energy conservation and a district-heating system show that the connection of additional buildings to the system can compensate for energy conservation and result in a nearly constant district-heat load. Estimated energy conservation potential of space and water heating for five district-heated buildings is between 30-60\% of the final energy use. Energy taxes, coordination of energy conservation measures with building maintenance, and avoided investments in district-heat production are considered. Otherwise, the potential would be smaller. The energy conservation and the connection of new energy efficient buildings result in a decreased ratio between the peak-load and base-load demand and hence better conditions for high utilization of supply investments. Biomass has the potential to become a dominant energy source in Western Scania. Biomass-fired cogeneration plants result in a high reduction of carbon dioxide emissions per amount of biomass as cogeneration is the most energy-efficient way to convert biomass into heat and electricity. Biomass used in individual boilers or in condensing plants driving electric heat pumps is less efficient. (Abstract shortened by UMI.)},
	keywords = {0548:Mechanical engineering, Applied sciences, Mechanical engineering},
	url = {http://search.proquest.com/docview/304159927?accountid=14270},
	author = {Gustavsson, Leif Goran William}
}
