

@mastersthesis {7065,
	title = {The effects of tobacco, alcohol and betel on health care utilisation. ({BL}: {DXN}050583)},
	year = {2000},
	note = {U146554},
	school = {University of London, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (United Kingdom)},
	type = {phdPh.{D}.},
	address = {Ann Arbor},
	abstract = {This study estimates the impacts of cumulative consumption of tobacco, alcohol and betel on health care utilisation, and aims to give guidance to levying of earmarked taxes on these substances. The evidence is unclear as seen by contradicting results in previous studies in industrialised countries. The argument of this thesis is that part of this contradiction can be attributed to the methodology used and in particular that health status has not yet been adequately integrated into the analysis.Survey data are collected in Taiwan for substance consumption and health status. Data of health care utilisation are collected by diary or come from the claim data of the national health insurance. Two-stage least-square regressions, and two-part and four-part models are used for statistical modelling.The prevalence-based marginal effects of cumulative consumption of substances on health care expenditure are estimated to range from US\$0 to \$53 for one pack-year of tobacco smoking, -\$15 to \$38 for one litre-year of alcohol drinking, and \$0.3 to \$8 for one nut-year of betel chewing. The suggested earmarked taxes based on the study results are \$0.15 per pack of cigarettes, \$3.2 per litre of alcohol, and \$0.02 per betel nut. The efficiency and equity considerations of levying taxes on addictive substances are also discussed.For cigarettes, alcohol and betel, the earmarked taxes are anticipated to decrease the demand for these substances by 12\%, 5\% and 5\%; to save 5\%, 0.6\% and 0.2\% of the health care expenditure, and to contribute revenue by 3\%, 4\% and 16\% of the health care expenditure of the national health insurance, respectively. The study results help the governments and international organisations to construct an evidence-based earmarked tax policy on tobacco, alcohol and betel for health care expenditure.},
	keywords = {(UMI)AAIU146554, 0630:Public policy, Bibliographies, Psychology{\textendash}Abstracting, Public policy, Social sciences, Statistics},
	url = {http://search.proquest.com/docview/301557410?accountid=14270},
	author = {Lee, J}
}
