

@mastersthesis {6666,
	title = {The synthesis and characterization of polymers to selectively remove phosphate from water},
	year = {1994},
	note = {9502764},
	school = {Kansas State University},
	type = {phdPh.{D}.},
	address = {Ann Arbor},
	abstract = {Phosphate production is a major world industry. It is a vital component in the manufacture of fertilizers and cleaning products. Phosphate is used in soap because of its dispersing powers in aqueous suspensions of insoluble solids. It also softens wash water by complexing with metal cations, especially calcium and magnesium ions, which are characteristic of hard water. The ultimate destination for this and other chemicals are waste water streams that eventually find their way to lakes or other water bodies. Phosphate is the limiting nutrient for algal growth; consequently unprecedented growth and anoxification of these water bodies is the final result. The economic impact is obvious: death of game fish, and the loss of tourism to these water bodies due to the production of reeds that interfere with boating and unpleasant odors. Presently used methods for the removal of phosphate from water produce more waste or are expensive to implement. A method that is cost effective and has the ability to recycle the phosphate removed from waste streams is selective anion exchange chromatography. For this method to be effective, the resin would need to be selective towards phosphate, be regenerable, and have a high capacity. In an effort to create a resin that meets these requirements, N-4-vinylbenzyl-N\${\textbackslash}sp{\textbackslash}prime\$-octadecyl-1,4-diazabicyclo (2.2.2) octane was synthesized and polymerized alone and with styrene. The reagent{\textquoteright}s precipitating nature with 51 different anions was studied. When the reagent was polymerized it displayed an excellent capacity for phosphate and it had good regenerative capabilities. Competitive ion tests demonstrated that the resin was selective towards phosphate as well. Unfortunately, the equilibrium time was quite long. In an effort to show that this was due to the high density of functional groups present, the polymer was copolymerized with styrene. As expected the equilibrium time decreased significantly. These tests show that the resin has the potential to become a useful commercial product. To elucidate the mechanism of selectivity, molecular modeling was utilized to determine the reagent{\textquoteright}s equilibrium geometry. Correlations were made between the anion{\textquoteright}s geometric structure, thermochemical radii, and enthalpy of hydration, and the selectivity of the reagent towards phosphate.},
	keywords = {0486:Analytical chemistry, 0554:Sanitation, 0768:Environmental science, Analytical chemistry, Applied sciences, Environmental science, Health and environmental sciences, Pure sciences, sanitation},
	url = {http://search.proquest.com/docview/304126396?accountid=14270},
	author = {Kopchinski, Anita Francine}
}
