

@mastersthesis {6568,
	title = {Making rural drinking water supply programs work in {Ghana} and {Togo}: {The} role of community participation and the limits of the conventional program delivery approach},
	year = {1993},
	note = {9420335},
	school = {Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute},
	type = {phdPh.{D}.},
	address = {Ann Arbor},
	abstract = {Since the colonial period, Ghana and Togo{\textquoteright}s rural drinking water supply projects followed the top-down model. Decisionmakers at the national capital decided capital investment and cost recovery strategies without consulting the ultimate users. When community managed approaches were attempted, such as in Togo, the tendency for the center to control large aspects of the planning process persisted. With these constraining conditions in mind, this study examines the values and implementation challenges in securing a less centralized and more {\textquoteright}targeted{\textquoteright} approach to communities{\textquoteright} water needs. The research shows that a {\textquoteright}target group{\textquoteright} approach whereby the rural people are helped by the agents of development to design their own plans makes projects more intelligible to both planners and the rural people and promotes the application of the principle of user fees. Chapter 1 presents a model of the policy process focusing on widening the scope of involvement of target groups in all phases of project development. In chapter 2, the theoretical literature on implementation and participation are reviewed. Chapter 3 discusses the research procedure. Chapters 4, 5, and 6 were designed to answer the following questions: (1) In what ways were the rural communities of the Upper regions of Ghana and the Maritime area of Togo involved in the design and the implementation of the water supply projects over time? (2) What has been the effect of participation (or non-participation) on the utilization of the boreholes as the main source of drinking water supply at home and on the farm? How has it affected willingness to pay for water services? (3) What other factors in the rural environment affect the utilization of and willingness to pay for the water service? Chapter 7 itemizes the possible means of reform, including state initiatives to decentralize decision making, unified development education units, the use of local institutions in project planning and monitoring, and the training of local group leadership. By examining a "target" approach to public policy participation, the study illustrates how improvements in drinking water supply use and environmental management are possible through the appropriate use of technology and user-focused education.},
	keywords = {0617:Public administration, 0999:Area planning \& development, 0999:Urban planning, Area planning \& development, Public administration, rural communities, Social sciences, Urban planning, Water Supply},
	url = {http://search.proquest.com/docview/304061936?accountid=14270},
	author = {Kendie, Stephen Bugu}
}
