

@article {5619,
	title = {{Occurrence of Viruses and Protozoa in Drinking Water Sources of Japan and Their Relationship to Indicator Microorganisms}},
	journal = {Food and Environmental Virology},
	volume = {4},
	number = {3},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {93{\textendash}101},
	abstract = {A nationwide survey of viruses, protozoa, and indicator microorganisms in drinking water sources of Japan was conducted. Among 64 surface water samples collected from 16 drinking water treatment plants, 51 (80 {\%}) samples were positive for at least one of the 11 pathogen types tested, including noroviruses of genogroups I (positive rate, 13 {\%}) and II (2 {\%}), human sapoviruses (5 {\%}), human adenoviruses of serotypes 40 and 41 (39 {\%}), Cryptosporidium oocysts (41 {\%}), and Giardia cysts (36 {\%}). Total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and F-specific coliphages were detected in 63 (98 {\%}), 33 (52 {\%}), and 17 (27 {\%}) samples, respectively, and E. coli was judged to be the most suitable indicator of pathogen contamination of drinking water sources. Genogroup-specific real-time PCR for F-specific coliphages revealed the presence of F-specific RNA coliphages of animal genogroup I and human genogroups II and III in 13 (41 {\%}), 12 (39 {\%}), and 1 (3 {\%}), respectively, of 31 plaques isolated.},
	keywords = {Drinking water source, Indicator microorganism, Protozoa, Public health, Virus},
	isbn = {1256001290820},
	issn = {18670334},
	doi = {10.1007/s12560-012-9082-0},
	author = {Haramoto, Eiji and Kitajima, Masaaki and Kishida, Naohiro and Katayama, Hiroyuki and Asami, Mari and Akiba, Michihiro}
}
