

@article {5555,
	title = {{Community incidence of norovirus-associated infectious intestinal disease in England: Improved estimates using viral load for norovirus diagnosis}},
	journal = {American Journal of Epidemiology},
	volume = {171},
	number = {9},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {1014{\textendash}1022},
	abstract = {Existing estimates of the incidence of infectious intestinal disease (IID) caused by norovirus are based on electron microscopy or reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Neither method accurately represents norovirus disease burden: Electron microscopy has poor diagnostic sensitivity, and RT-PCR has poor diagnostic specificity. In this study, viral load measurements were used to identify cases of norovirus-associated IID and to produce new incidence estimates for England. IID cases were ascertained in the Study of Infectious Intestinal Disease in England (1993-1996), and stool specimens were tested by semiquantitative real-time RT-PCR for norovirus. The age-adjusted community incidence of norovirus-associated IID was 4.5/100 person-years (95{\%} credibility interval: 3.8, 5.2), equating to 2 million episodes/year. Among children aged less than 5 years, the community incidence was 21.4/100 person-years (95{\%} credibility interval: 15.9, 27.7), and the incidence of consultations to general practitioners for norovirus-associated IID was 3.2/100 person-years (95{\%} credibility interval: 2.6, 3.8), with 100,000 children visiting their general practitioner for norovirus-associated IID each year. Norovirus is the most common cause of IID in the community in England and is responsible for a similar number of pediatric primary care consultations as rotavirus.},
	keywords = {England, Gastroenteritis, Incidence, Monte Carlo Method, Norovirus, primary health care, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction},
	isbn = {1476-6256 (Electronic)$\backslash$r0002-9262 (Linking)},
	issn = {00029262},
	doi = {10.1093/aje/kwq021},
	author = {Phillips, Gemma and Tam, Clarence C. and Conti, Stefano and Rodrigues, Laura C. and Brown, David and Iturriza-G{\'o}mara, Miren and Gray, Jim and Lopman, Ben}
}
