

@article {5231,
	title = {Sunlight inactivation of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella enterica, compared with Escherichia coli, in seawater and river water},
	journal = {Journal of Water and Health},
	volume = {5},
	number = {3},
	year = {2007},
	month = {sep},
	pages = {357{\textendash}65},
	abstract = {<p>The inactivation of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella enterica, compared with Escherichia coli, was determined in 100 l chambers of seawater and river water located at an outdoor site. The chambers (paired with dark controls) were seeded with waste stabilization pond effluent and laboratory-cultured pathogens, and exposed to sunlight in summer and winter experiments. All sunlight inactivation (k(S)) rates, as a function of cumulative global solar radiation (insolation), were far higher than the corresponding dark (k(D)) rates, with a ranking (and average k(S) rates for seawater and river water, respectively) of: C. jejuni (3.23; 2.34){\textgreater}S. enterica (0.51; 0.37){\textgreater}E. coli (0.34; 0.26). All the T(90) (time to 90{\%} inactivation) values were higher in winter than in summer, but there was far greater similarity between the summer and winter S(90) (insolation needed for 90{\%} inactivation) values. The rapid inactivation of C. jejuni was attributed to a high susceptibility to photooxidative damage. The results suggest that, in sunlight-exposed waters, E. coli will be a more conservative indicator for C. jejuni than for S. enterica, and C. jejuni transmission as a pathogenic agent is less likely than for S. enterica.</p>
},
	keywords = {Campylobacter jejuni, Campylobacter jejuni: growth {\&} development, Campylobacter jejuni: radiation effects, Disinfection, Disinfection: methods, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli: growth {\&} development, Escherichia coli: radiation effects, Rivers, Rivers: microbiology, Salmonella enterica, Salmonella enterica: growth {\&} development, Salmonella enterica: radiation effects, Seawater, Seawater: microbiology, Sunlight, Water Microbiology, Water Pollutants, Water Pollutants: radiation effects},
	issn = {1477-8920},
	doi = {10.2166/wh.2007.031},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17878550},
	author = {Sinton, Lester and Hall, Carollyn and Braithwaite, Robin}
}
