

@article {4377,
	title = {{Replication of coliphage Q beta as affected by host cell number, nutrition, competition from insusceptible cells and non-FRNA coliphages.}},
	journal = {Journal of Applied Microbiology},
	volume = {82},
	number = {4},
	year = {1997},
	month = {apr},
	pages = {431{\textendash}40},
	abstract = {<p>F-specific RNA (FRNA) coliphages, which infect Escherichia coli by attachment to F pili, might serve as indicators of human enteric viruses in groundwater, provided these phages do not replicate in groundwater and replicate only to a limited extent in wastewater. Several factors that could influence phage replication in either of these environments were examined. Q beta did not replicate when host cells were fewer than 10(4) cfu ml-1. Replication selected for insusceptible cells when Q beta was incubated with its E. coli host. Loss of Q beta, presumably by inactivation, occurred in autoclaved on-site and urban wastewater, autoclaved groundwater, and in filter-sterilized spent LB broth. Replication did not occur in LB broth diluted with sterile saline to 1{\%} of its original strength, which indicates that replication of FRNA coliphages cannot occur in such nutrient-poor environments as wastewater and groundwater. Competition from non-FRNA coliphages and insusceptible cells tended to reduce Q beta replication, as predicted, but phage yields unexpectedly increased significantly when Enterococcus faecalis was added to cultures.</p>
},
	keywords = {Allolevivirus, Allolevivirus: physiology, Coliphages, Coliphages: physiology, Culture Media, Enterococcus faecalis, Escherichia coli, Escherichia coli: virology, Fluid, Humans, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Virus Replication, Virus Replication: physiology, Waste Disposal, water},
	issn = {1364-5072},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9134717},
	author = {Woody, M A and Cliver, D O}
}
