

@article {3893,
	title = {Rotavirus genotypes in sewage treatment plants and in children hospitalized with acute diarrhea in Italy in 2010 and 2011.},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {81},
	number = {1},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {241{\textendash}249},
	abstract = {<p>Although the molecular surveillance network \{\{\}RotaNet-Italy\{\}\} provides useful nationwide data on rotaviruses causing severe acute gastroenteritis in children in Italy, scarce information is available on rotavirus circulation in the general Italian population, including adults with mild or asymptomatic infection. We investigated the genotypes of rotaviruses present in urban wastewaters and compared them with those of viral strains from clinical pediatric cases. During 2010 and 2011, 285 sewage samples from 4 Italian cities were tested by reverse \{\{\}transcription-PCRs\{\}\} \{\{\}(RT-PCRs)\{\}\} specific for rotavirus \{\{\}VP7\{\}\} and \{\{\}VP4\{\}\} genes. Rotavirus was detected in 172 (60.4\{\%\}) samples, 26 of which contained multiple rotavirus G \{\{\}(VP7\{\}\} gene) genotypes, for a total of 198 G types. Thirty-two samples also contained multiple P \{\{\}(VP4\{\}\} gene) genotypes, yielding 204 P types in 172 samples. Genotype G1 accounted for 65.6\{\%\} of rotaviruses typed, followed by genotypes G2 (20.2\{\%\}), G9 (7.6\{\%\}), G4 (4.6\{\%\}), G6 (1.0\{\%\}), G3 (0.5\{\%\}), and G26 (0.5\{\%\}). \{\{\}VP4\{\}\} genotype P[8] accounted for 75.0\{\%\} of strains, genotype P[4] accounted for 23.0\{\%\} of strains, and the uncommon genotypes P[6], P[9], P[14], and P[19] accounted for 2.0\{\%\} of strains altogether. These rotavirus genotypes were also found in pediatric patients hospitalized in the same areas and years but in different proportions. Specifically, genotypes G2, G9, and P[4] were more prevalent in sewage samples than among samples from patients, which suggests either a larger circulation of the latter strains through the general population not requiring medical care or their greater survival in wastewaters. A high level of nucleotide identity in the G1, G2, and G6 \{\{\}VP7\{\}\} sequences was observed between strains from the environment and those from patients.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.02695-14},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02695-14},
	author = {Ruggeri, Franco M and Bonomo, Paolo and Ianiro, Giovanni and Battistone, Andrea and Delogu, Roberto and Germinario, Cinzia and Chironna, Maria and Triassi, Maria and Campagnuolo, Rosalba and Cicala, Antonella and Giammanco, Giovanni M and Castiglia, Paolo and Serra, Caterina and Gaggioli, Andrea and Fiore, Lucia}
}
