

@article {3768,
	title = {UV inactivation and resistance of rotavirus evaluated by integrated cell culture and real-time RT-PCR assay},
	journal = {Water Research},
	volume = {43},
	number = {13},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {3261{\textendash}3269},
	abstract = {<p>Rotaviruses are double-stranded \{\{\}RNA\{\}\} viruses which are among the most resistant waterborne enteric viruses to \{\{\}UV\{\}\} disinfection. An integrated cell culture and real-time \{\{\}RT-PCR\{\}\} \{\{\}(ICC\{\}\} real-time \{\{\}RT-PCR)\{\}\} assay was developed to detect the infectivity of rotaviruses in water, which uses real-time \{\{\}RT-PCR\{\}\} to detect \{\{\}RNA\{\}\} produced by infectious rotaviruses during replication in host cells. Detection of rotaviral \{\{\}RNA\{\}\} in host cells provides direct evidence of the presence of infectious rotavirus rather than just the presence of rotavirus \{\{\}RNA.\{\}\} Using this newly developed method, the inactivation and resistance of rotavirus to \{\{\}UV\{\}\} treatments at various doses was evaluated. With an initial concentration of 2 x \{\{\}10(4)PFU/ml\{\}\} simian rotavirus \{\{\}(SA11),\{\}\} a first-order linear relationship was obtained at \{\{\}UV\{\}\} dose range of 0-120 \{\{\}mJ\{\}\} cm(-2), and the inactivation rate constant was estimated to be 0.0343 cm(2) \{\{\}mJ(-1)\{\}\} \{\{\}(R(2)=0.966).\{\}\} The dose-inactivation curve tailed off and reached plateau as the \{\{\}UV\{\}\} dose increased from 120 to 360 \{\{\}mJ\{\}\} cm(-2), indicating resistance phenomena of sub-populations of \{\{\}SA11\{\}\} at very high \{\{\}UV\{\}\} doses. A maximal reduction of 4.8 log(10) was observed. Through parallel comparison with traditional culture assay, the \{\{\.I}CC\{\}\} real-time \{\{\}RT-PCR\{\}\} method demonstrated more effective, sensitive and faster infectivity detection of rotavirus and, the results reveal that rotaviruses are more resistant to \{\{\}UV\{\}\} irradiation than previously reported with traditional cell culture assays.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2009.03.044},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2009.03.044},
	author = {Li, Dan and Gu, April Z and He, Miao and HC C Shi and Yang, Wan}
}
