

@article {3746,
	title = {Group {A} rotavirus in sewage samples from {Barcelona} and {Cairo}: emergence of unusual genotypes.},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {69},
	number = {7},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {3919{\textendash}3923},
	abstract = {<p>The presence of rotavirus strains in sewage samples from Cairo, Egypt \{\{\}(November\{\}\} 1998 to October 1999), and Barcelona, Spain \{\{\}(November\{\}\} 1998 to December 2002), was investigated by using a generic molecular detection method based on amplification of a \{\{\}VP6\{\}\} gene fragment. Overall, 85.7 and 66.9\{\%\} of the sewage samples from Cairo and Barcelona, respectively, were positive. Positive samples were characterized further, and \{\{\}VP7\{\}\} and \{\{\}VP4\{\}\} genotypes were determined. Although 30\{\%\} of the positive samples from Cairo were G untypeable, the distribution of G types in the positive samples was 69.6\{\%\} G1, 13\{\%\} G3, 8.7\{\%\} G4, and 8.7\{\%\} G9. The percentage of untypeable samples was much higher for the Barcelona samples (56.5\{\%\}), and the distribution in the positive samples was 56.4\{\%\} G1, 31.5\{\%\} G3, 6\{\%\} G9, 4\{\%\} G2, and 2\{\%\} G5. When the P types were examined, 26.7\{\%\} of the positive samples from Cairo were untypeable, and the distribution of types in the positive samples was 53.3\{\%\} P[8], 30\{\%\} P[6], and 16.6\{\%\} P[4]. In Barcelona, 27.2\{\%\} of the samples were P untypeable, and the frequencies of the types detected were 49.7\{\%\} P[8], 37.2\{\%\} P[4], 8.8\{\%\} P[6], and 4.2\{\%\} P[9]. The distribution for strains from Cairo was 38.5\{\%\} \{\{\}P[8]G1,\{\}\} 27\{\%\} \{\{\}P[6]G1,\{\}\} 11.5\{\%\} \{\{\}P[4]G1,\{\}\} 11.5\{\%\} \{\{\}P[8]G3,\{\}\} 7.7\{\%\} \{\{\}P[6]G4,\{\}\} and 3.8\{\%\} \{\{\}P[8]G9.\{\}\} Strikingly, equivalent frequencies of common and uncommon strains were observed for Barcelona samples, and the distribution was 38.8\{\%\} \{\{\}P[8]G1,\{\}\} 30.6\{\%\} \{\{\}P[4]G1,\{\}\} 11.6\{\%\} \{\{\}P[8]G3,\{\}\} 6.6\{\%\} \{\{\}P[4]G3,\{\}\} 5.8\{\%\} \{\{\}P[6]G1,\{\}\} 1.6\{\%\} \{\{\}P[6]G3,\{\}\} 1.6\{\%\} \{\{\}P[9]G1,\{\}\} 0.8\{\%\} \{\{\}P[4]G2,\{\}\} 0.8\{\%\} \{\{\}P[6]G9,\{\}\} 0.8\{\%\} \{\{\}P[8]G9,\{\}\} and 0.8\{\%\} \{\{\}P[8]G5.\{\}\} Additionally, two \{\{\}P[-]G5\{\}\} strains were isolated in Barcelona, and the porcine or human origin of these strains was unclear. Rotavirus variability exhibited not only a geographic pattern but also a temporal pattern.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.69.7.3919-3923.2003},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.7.3919-3923.2003},
	author = {Villena, Cristina and El-Senousy, Waled M and Abad, F X and Pint{\'o}, Rosa M and Bosch, Albert}
}
