

@article {3209,
	title = {{Detection of human rotavirus in sewage through two concentration procedures}},
	journal = {Water Research},
	volume = {22},
	number = {3},
	year = {1988},
	pages = {343{\textendash}348},
	abstract = {Two different methodologies for the detection of human rotavirus in water were compared. Simian rotavirus SA11 was used to develop these procedures in the laboratory with distilled water, tap water and raw sewage. The adsorption to and elution from glass powder method was used to concentrate seeded rotavirus from 20-1. samples of water and yielded satisfactory recoveries of viruses from distilled and tap water (54 and 46{\%} respectively) but poor recovery (5{\%}) from raw sewage. In the second concentration methodology, rotaviruses were concentrated from 600-ml samples by ammonium sulfate flocculation after the addition to samples of beef extract up to a 10{\%} final concentration. Rotaviruses were recovered from raw sewage without any substantial loss compared to distilled and tap water (67{\%} in raw sewage, and 70 and 73{\%} in distilled and tap water). The ammonium sulfate method consistently yielded greater viral recoveries than the adsorption-elution method, although the latter enables the processing of larger volume samples. Both methodologies were applied to detect human rotavirus in raw sewage at two Barcelona wastewater effluents. Human rotavirus in sewage isolates was quantitated by immunofluorescence in the MA-104 cell line. Indigenous rotavirus was detected in 100{\%} of sewage samples using both different concentration procedures; rotaviruses were also found in 69{\%} of nonconcentrated samples. The level of rotaviruses found in Barcelona sewage was very high (up to 14,000 fluorescent foci 1-1), being of the same magnitude as the level of enteroviruses, although no correlation was found with the levels of human enteric viruses. {\textcopyright} 1988 Pergamon Press plc.},
	keywords = {concentration, Detection, human rotavirus, SA11, Sewage, water},
	issn = {00431354},
	doi = {10.1016/S0043-1354(88)90200-X},
	author = {Bosch, Albert and Rosa M Pinto and Blanch, Anicet R. and Jofre, Juan T.}
}
