

@article {2573,
	title = {Group A rotavirus in sewage samples from Barcelona and Cairo: emergence of unusual genotypes.},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {69},
	number = {7},
	year = {2003},
	pages = {3919-3923},
	abstract = {<p>The presence of rotavirus strains in sewage samples from Cairo, Egypt {(November} 1998 to October 1999), and Barcelona, Spain {(November} 1998 to December 2002), was investigated by using a generic molecular detection method based on amplification of a {VP6} gene fragment. Overall, 85.7 and 66.9\% of the sewage samples from Cairo and Barcelona, respectively, were positive. Positive samples were characterized further, and {VP7} and {VP4} genotypes were determined. Although 30\% of the positive samples from Cairo were G untypeable, the distribution of G types in the positive samples was 69.6\% G1, 13\% G3, 8.7\% G4, and 8.7\% G9. The percentage of untypeable samples was much higher for the Barcelona samples (56.5\%), and the distribution in the positive samples was 56.4\% G1, 31.5\% G3, 6\% G9, 4\% G2, and 2\% G5. When the P types were examined, 26.7\% of the positive samples from Cairo were untypeable, and the distribution of types in the positive samples was 53.3\% P[8], 30\% P[6], and 16.6\% P[4]. In Barcelona, 27.2\% of the samples were P untypeable, and the frequencies of the types detected were 49.7\% P[8], 37.2\% P[4], 8.8\% P[6], and 4.2\% P[9]. The distribution for strains from Cairo was 38.5\% {P[8]G1,} 27\% {P[6]G1,} 11.5\% {P[4]G1,} 11.5\% {P[8]G3,} 7.7\% {P[6]G4,} and 3.8\% {P[8]G9.} Strikingly, equivalent frequencies of common and uncommon strains were observed for Barcelona samples, and the distribution was 38.8\% {P[8]G1,} 30.6\% {P[4]G1,} 11.6\% {P[8]G3,} 6.6\% {P[4]G3,} 5.8\% {P[6]G1,} 1.6\% {P[6]G3,} 1.6\% {P[9]G1,} 0.8\% {P[4]G2,} 0.8\% {P[6]G9,} 0.8\% {P[8]G9,} and 0.8\% {P[8]G5.} Additionally, two {P[-]G5} strains were isolated in Barcelona, and the porcine or human origin of these strains was unclear. Rotavirus variability exhibited not only a geographic pattern but also a temporal pattern.</p>
},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.69.7.3919-3923.2003},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AEM.69.7.3919-3923.2003},
	author = {Villena, Cristina and El-Senousy, Waled M and Abad, FX and Pint{\'o}, Rosa M and Bosch, Albert}
}
