

@article {216,
	title = {Quantitative RT-PCR detection of hepatitis A virus, rotaviruses and enteroviruses in the Buffalo River and source water dams in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa},
	journal = {Int J Environ Res Public Health},
	volume = {9},
	number = {11},
	year = {2012},
	note = {1660-4601 Chigor, Vincent Nnamdigadi Okoh, Anthony Ifeanyi Journal Article Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t Switzerland Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2012 Nov 5;9(11):4017-32. doi: 10.3390/ijerph9114017.},
	pages = {4017-32},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {Human enteric viruses (HEntVs) are a major cause of water-related diseases. The prevalence of hepatitis A virus (HAV), rotaviruses (RoV) and enteroviruses (EnV) in Buffalo River waters was assessed quantitatively over a period of 12 months (August 2010 to July 2011). Seventy-two samples were collected from six sites, including three dams, and concentrated using the adsorption-elution method. Viral RNA was extracted using a commercial kit, and the viruses were quantified by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-qPCR). Two or more viruses were detected in 12.5\% of the samples. HAV was detected in 43.1\% of the samples and in significantly (p < 0.05) varying concentrations of 1.5 x 10(1)-1.9 x 10(5) genome copies/L compared to RoV and EnV, while RoVs were detected in 13.9\% of samples, with concentrations ranging from 2.5 x 10(1)-2.1 x 10(3) genome copies/L, and EnV were detected in 9.7\% of the samples, with concentrations ranging from 1.3 x 10(1)-8.6 x 10(1) genome copies/L. Only HAV was detected at all the sites, with the Bridle Drift Dam recording significantly higher (p < 0.05) concentrations. The presence of enteric viruses in Buffalo River may constitute public health risks and the incidence of HAV at all the sites could reflect both the epidemiological status of hepatitis A and HAV persistence in the water environments.},
	keywords = {Base Sequence DNA Primers Enterovirus/genetics/*isolation \&amp, purification *Water Microbiology, purification Fresh Water/microbiology Hepatitis A virus/genetics/*isolation \&amp, purification Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods Rotavirus/genetics/*isolation \&amp},
	issn = {1660-4601},
	doi = {10.3390/ijerph9114017},
	url = {http://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/9/11/4017/pdf},
	author = {Chigor, V. N. and Okoh, A. I.}
}
