

@article {1898,
	title = {Isolation of epidemic poliovirus from sewage during the 1992-3 type 3 outbreak in The Netherlands},
	journal = {Epidemiol Infect},
	volume = {114},
	number = {3},
	year = {1995},
	note = {van der Avoort, H G Reimerink, J H Ras, A Mulders, M N van Loon, A M eng ENGLAND 1995/06/01 Epidemiol Infect. 1995 Jun;114(3):481-91.},
	pages = {481-91},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {To examine the extent of wild poliovirus circulation during the 1992-3 epidemic in the Netherlands caused by poliovirus type 3, 269 samples from sewage pipelines at 120 locations were examined for the presence of poliovirus. The epidemic virus strain was found in 23 samples, all from locations inside the risk area which contained communities that refuse vaccination for religious reasons. By sewage investigation, the wildtype virus was shown to be present in the early phase of the epidemic at two locations, one week before patients were reported from that area. The wild type 3 poliovirus was also detected retrospectively in a river water sample collected for other reasons three weeks before notification of the first poliomyelitis case, at a site a few kilometres upstream the home village of this patient. Oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) virus was found at 28 locations inside or at the border of the risk area. Trivalent OPV was offered to unvaccinated or incompletely-vaccinated persons living in this region as part of the measures to control the epidemic.},
	keywords = {Adolescent Base Sequence *Disease Outbreaks Humans Male Molecular Sequence Data Netherlands/epidemiology Poliomyelitis/*epidemiology Poliovirus/*isolation \& purification Polymerase Chain Reaction *Sewage Water Microbiology},
	issn = {0950-2688 (Print) 0950-2688 (Linking)},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7781736},
	author = {van der Avoort, H. G. and Reimerink, J. H. and Ras, A. and Mulders, M. N. and van Loon, A. M.}
}
