

@article {1897,
	title = {Polymerase chain reaction-based prevalence of hepatitis A, hepatitis E and TT viruses in sewage from an endemic area},
	journal = {J Hepatol},
	volume = {37},
	number = {1},
	year = {2002},
	note = {Vaidya, Sunil R Chitambar, Shobha D Arankalle, Vidya A eng England 2002/06/22 10:00 J Hepatol. 2002 Jul;37(1):131-6.},
	pages = {131-6},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {{BACKGROUND/AIMS: Hepatitis A and E viruses (HAV, HEV) are transmitted enterically and are highly endemic in India. This study aims to evaluate prevalence of these and TT virus (TTV) in the sewage. METHODS: Influent and effluent samples from a sewage treatment plant from Pune, India were collected twice a week for 1 year and subjected to nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of HAV RNA, HEV RNA and TTV DNA. HAV and HEV PCR products were sequenced. Effluent samples were not collected for 5 months as the plant was non-functional. RESULTS: The overall prevalence was 24.42\% (21/86, HAV), 10.98\% (9/82, HEV) and 12.7\% (8/63, TTV). Prevalence of HAV was significantly higher than HEV (P=0.023). During summer months, significantly higher HAV RNA positivity was noted (P<0.01). A substantial reduction in HAV RNA positivity (15/48 vs. 2/48},
	keywords = {DNA Virus Infections/epidemiology/*transmission DNA, Viral/analysis Endemic Diseases Hepatitis A/epidemiology/*transmission Hepatitis A virus/genetics/*isolation \& purification Hepatitis E/epidemiology/*transmission Hepatitis E virus/genetics/*isolation \& purification Humans India/epidemiology Phylogeny Po},
	issn = {0168-8278 (Print) 0168-8278 (Linking)},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12076872},
	author = {Vaidya, S. R. and Chitambar, S. D. and Arankalle, V. A.}
}
