

@booklet {1807,
	title = {Reductions of Pathogens, Indicator Bacteria, and Alternative Indicators by Wastewater Treatment and Reclamation Processes},
	volume = {Report 00-PUM-2T},
	year = {2004},
	publisher = {Water Environment Research Foundation; https://www.google.co.il/url?sa=t\&rct=j\&q=\&esrc=s\&source=web\&cd=2\&ved=0CCEQFjABahUKEwjQqoOA_-jGAhVBVhQKHRBZAwE\&url=http\%3A\%2F\%2Fthewatchers.us\%2FEPA\%2F13\%2F2004-Rose-reclaimed-water.pdf\&ei=KomsVdDtLsGsUZCyjQg\&usg=AFQ},
	type = {Electronic Article},
	abstract = {Traditionally, regulators, dischargers, and even water suppliers believed that wastewater discharge meeting thelevels of 200 cfu/100 mL of fecal coliforms in wastewater effluent was sufficient to protect against downstreammicrobial effects. However, these beliefs are now being challenged by emerging pathogens that are resistant tostandard water and wastewater treatment processes, exhibit extended survival periods in the environment, canadversely affect sensitive subpopulations, and require extremely low doses for human infection. Based on thisnew information, it is estimated that discharges of emerging pathogens from conventional wastewater treatmentplants as far as 160 km upstream and cumulative amounts of wastewater discharge ranging from 2 to 20 ML/dhave the potential to reach a water supply intake in a viable state at significant concentrations that could exceedregulatory limits for drinking water supplies, increase endemic risk from drinking water, and/or require additionaldrinking water treatment. Wastewater dischargers may be able mitigate this potential effect and achieveupwards of 6 log combined removal and inactivation of emerging pathogens to mitigate drinking water effects byusing alternative treatment processes, such as filtration or UV light disinfection, or optimizing these processesbased on site-specific conditions.},
	author = {Rose, J. B. and Farrah, S. R. and Harwood, V. J. and Levine, A. D. and Lukasik, J. and Menendez, P. and Scott, T. M.}
}
