

@article {1731,
	title = {Field study of fecal excretion as a decision support tool in response to silent reintroduction of wild-type poliovirus 1 into Israel},
	journal = {J Clin Virol},
	volume = {66},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Moran-Gilad, Jacob Mendelson, Ella Burns, Cara C Bassal, Ravit Gdalevich, Michael Sofer, Danit Oberste, M Steven Shulman, Lester M Kaliner, Ehud Hindiye, Musa Mor, Orna Shahar, Liora Iber, Jane Yishay, Ruth Manor, Joseph Lev, Boaz Gamzu, Ronni Grotto, Itamar Netherlands Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology J Clin Virol. 2015 May;66:51-5. doi: 10.1016/j.jcv.2015.03.005. Epub 2015 Mar 10.},
	pages = {51-5},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {BACKGROUND: Israel has used an inactivated polio vaccine (IPV)-only schedule since 2005 (95\% coverage). Silent reintroduction of wild type poliovirus 1 (WPV1) into Israel in early 2013 was detected in Southern Israel via routine environmental surveillance without clinical cases. OBJECTIVES: To estimate the rate of WPV1 excretion by age and residence and inform decision-making regarding supplemental immunization with OPV. STUDY DESIGN: A convenience sample of Bedouin and Jewish residential areas in the epicenter of the incident, focusing on under 8 year-olds who not previously given OPV. Fecal samples were directly tested for WPV1 RNA using a novel qRT-PCR assay. Positive samples were confirmed by gold standard cell culture and subject to genotyping. RESULTS: Overall, 2196 non-duplicate fecal samples were collected and analyzed. WPV1 was detected in 61 samples (2.8\%), 55 of which (90.2\%) were from Bedouins. WPV1 excretion rates were 5.4\% among Bedouins and 0.6\% among Jewish individuals. Respective age-specific rates among Bedouin and Jewish children were 4.9\% and 0.2\% for 0-2 years and 7.2\% and 1.7\% for 2-8 years. Molecular testing had 89.5\% sensitivity (higher than culture) and 100\% specificity. CONCLUSION: The rapid performance of a field study to evaluate WPV1 excretion unequivocally demonstrated substantial WPV1 infection rates among children under 8 years in Southern Israel, thus informing the decision to vaccinate this age group with bOPV and risk communication to both healthcare personnel and the public. Rapid development and implementation of molecular screening can thus underpin risk assessment and management in complex epidemiological situations.},
	issn = {1873-5967 (Electronic) 1386-6532 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.jcv.2015.03.005 S1386-6532(15)00082-7 [pii]},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25866337},
	author = {Moran-Gilad, J. and Mendelson, E. and Burns, C. C. and Bassal, R. and Gdalevich, M. and Sofer, D. and Oberste, M. S. and Shulman, L. M. and Kaliner, E. and Hindiye, M. and Mor, O. and Shahar, L. and Iber, J. and Yishay, R. and Manor, J. and Lev, B. and Gamzu, R. and Grotto, I.}
}
