

@article {16557,
	title = {Assessing the fate of {Ascaris} suum ova during mesophilic anaerobic digestion},
	journal = {Environ Sci Technol},
	volume = {49},
	number = {5},
	year = {2015},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {3128{\textendash}35},
	abstract = {There is limited knowledge about the survival of geohelminths, which are soil-transmitted human pathogens, in mesophilic anaerobic digestion processes. This study examined the fate of embryonated and unembryonated Ascaris suum ova in six laboratory-scale mesophilic (35 degrees C) anaerobic digesters processing swine manure to identify their survival strategies and investigate potential mechanisms to enhance their destruction. There was no significant difference in inactivation of Ascaris suum ova in digesters operated at different solids residence times (SRT) or feeding frequencies. Ova exposed to an anaerobic environment became dormant, or remained unembryonated throughout their residence in the reactors. Approximately 65\% of ova were able to retain their viability for up to 16 days, after which the rate of inactivation increased until nearly all ova were nonviable by day 24. In contrast, ova exposed to aerobic conditions did not become dormant and progressed through several developmental stages until day 16, after which nearly all ova were observed to be nonviable. In addition, only 35\% of fully developed ova exposed to the anaerobic environment retained their viability by day 16 compared to 65\% for dormant ova. Results suggest that some ova are physically destroyed during digestion and ova can be inactivated faster if their development cycle is aerobically triggered before entering the anaerobic digestion process. Results also suggest that transfer of resource recovery technologies such as mesophilic anaerobic digestion to developing world settings must account for local climatic and health conditions so mutually beneficial outcomes can be attained.},
	keywords = {*Medical Waste Disposal, Anaerobiosis, Animals, Ascaris suum/*physiology, Bioreactors/microbiology/parasitology, Biotechnology, Ecology, Embryo, Life Cycle Stages/*physiology, Manure/*parasitology, Nonmammalian/*physiology, Swine},
	issn = {1520-5851 (Electronic) 0013-936X (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1021/es505807a},
	author = {N D Manser and I Wald and S J Ergas and Izurieta, R. and J R Mihelcic}
}
