

@article {15998,
	title = {{Global nitrogen and phosphate in urban wastewater for the period 1970 to 2050}},
	journal = {Global Biogeochem. Cycles},
	volume = {23},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {GB0A03},
	publisher = {AGU},
	abstract = {This paper presents estimates for global N and P emissions from sewage for the period 1970{\&}{\#}8211;2050 for the four Millennium Ecosystem Assessment scenarios. Using country-specific projections for population and economic growth, urbanization, development of sewage systems, and wastewater treatment installations, a rapid increase in global sewage emissions is predicted, from 6.4 Tg of N and 1.3 Tg of P per year in 2000 to 12.0{\&}{\#}8211;15.5 Tg of N and 2.4{\&}{\#}8211;3.1 Tg of P per year in 2050. While North America (strong increase), Oceania (moderate increase), Europe (decrease), and North Asia (decrease) show contrasting developments, in the developing countries, sewage N and P discharge will likely increase by a factor of 2.5 to 3.5 between 2000 and 2050. This is a combined effect of increasing population, urbanization, and development of sewage systems. Even in optimistic scenarios for the development of wastewater treatment systems, global N and P flows are not likely to decline.},
	keywords = {0414 Biogeosciences: Biogeochemical cycles, 0470 Biogeosciences: Nutrients and nutrient cyclin, 0478 Biogeosciences: Pollution: urban, 0493 Biogeosciences: Urban systems, Nitrogen, phosphorous, proces, regional an, Sewage},
	isbn = {0886-6236},
	doi = {10.1029/2009gb003458},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GB003458},
	author = {Van Drecht, G and Bouwman, A F and Harrison, J and Knoop, J M}
}
