

@article {1558,
	title = {Rapid detection of enteroviruses in small volumes of natural waters by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {71},
	number = {8},
	year = {2005},
	note = {Fuhrman, Jed A Liang, Xiaolin Noble, Rachel T eng Evaluation Studies Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t 2005/08/09 09:00 Appl Environ Microbiol. 2005 Aug;71(8):4523-30.},
	pages = {4523-30},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {{Despite viral contamination of recreational waters, only bacterial, not viral, indicators are monitored routinely, due to a lack of rapid and cost-effective assays. We used negatively charged filters to capture enteroviruses from seawater and freshwater. Viral RNA was extracted using a commercial kit, and the viruses were quantified by real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). Poliovirus (6.6 to 330,000 virus particles/ml) was added to samples from watersheds in Los Angeles, California, and analysis showed that with 50-ml samples, a cellulose acetate/nitrate (HA) filter yielded final recovery of 51\% (r2= 0.99) in fresh water and 23\% (r2= 0.90) in seawater. However, for additions of low levels of virus (more likely to represent field samples; <10(4) enterovirus particles/ml), the recovery was lower and more variable, with HA being best in freshwater (17\%},
	keywords = {Cellulose/analogs \& derivatives Collodion Enterovirus/*isolation \& purification Filtration/methods Fresh Water/*virology Glass Poliovirus/isolation \& purification RNA, Viral/analysis/isolation \& purification Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/*methods Seawater/*virology Time Factors Virology/methods},
	issn = {0099-2240 (Print) 0099-2240 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.71.8.4523-4530.2005},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16085845},
	author = {Fuhrman, J. A. and Liang, X. and Noble, R. T.}
}
