@article {15450, title = {The effect of sewage stabilization ponds on the eggs and miracidia of Schistosoma mansoni}, journal = {The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene}, volume = {15}, number = {6}, year = {1966}, note = {Journal Article
United states}, month = {Nov}, pages = {896-901}, abstract = {Sewage ponds are divided into " anaerobic ", which are deep, heavily loaded ponds, " aerobic ", which are wide and 1 foot deep, and " facultative ", which are 3-5 feet deep, moderately aerobic in the upper layers and anaerobic below. Laboratory experiments were made to reproduce the conditions in such ponds and the survival of Schistosoma mansoni eggs and miracidia in them at 20-29{\textdegree}C. was investigated. It was concluded that the anaerobic pond is unfavourable but not completely destructive to eggs, miracidia and snails; under tropical conditions passage of sewage material through a preliminary anaerobic chamber should effectively remove eggs and miracidia of S. mansoni. Absence of oxygen and other factors in raw sewage inhibited hatching and reduced the viability of eggs. Eggs remaining in the bottom sludge of sewage ponds for more than 9 hours became non-hatchable. Miracidia survived a mean time of 4 hours in " aerobic pond " water and only 2 hours in " anaerobic pond " water.}, keywords = {*Sewage, Animals, Disease Vectors, Schistosoma/*growth \& development, Snails}, isbn = {0002-9637 (Print)
0002-9637 (Linking)}, author = {Kawata, K. and Kruse, C. W.} }