

@article {14955,
	title = {Evaluation of positively charged alumina nanofibre cartridge filters for the primary concentration of noroviruses, adenoviruses and male-specific coliphages from seawater},
	journal = {J Appl Microbiol},
	volume = {109},
	year = {2010},
	month = {aug},
	pages = {635{\textendash}41},
	abstract = {AIM: To evaluate the electropositive, alumina nanofibre (NanoCeram) cartridge filter as a primary concentration method for recovering adenovirus, norovirus and male-specific coliphages from natural seawater. METHODS AND RESULTS: Viruses were concentrated from 40 l of natural seawater using a NanoCeram cartridge filter and eluted from the filter either by soaking the filter in eluent or by recirculating the eluent continuously through the filter using a peristaltic pump. The elution solution consisted of 3\% beef extract and 0.1 mol l(-1) of glycine. The method using a peristaltic pump was more effective in removing the viruses from the filter. High recoveries of norovirus and male-specific coliphages ({\textbackslash}textgreater96\%) but not adenovirus ({\textbackslash}textless3\%) were observed from seawater. High adsorption to the filter was observed for adenovirus and male-specific coliphages ({\textbackslash}textgreater98\%). The adsorption and recovery of adenovirus and male-specific coliphages were also determined for fresh finished water and source water. CONCLUSION: The NanoCeram cartridge filter was an effective primary concentration method for the concentration of norovirus and male-specific coliphages from natural seawater, but not for adenovirus, in spite of the high adsorption of adenovirus to the filter. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: This study demonstrates that NanoCeram cartridge filter is an effective primary method for concentrating noroviruses and male-specific coliphages from seawater, thereby simplifying collection and processing of water samples for virus recovery.},
	keywords = {Adenoviridae/*isolation \& purification, Adsorption, Aluminum Oxide/chemistry, Coliphages/*isolation \& purification, Filtration/instrumentation, Fresh Water/virology, Nanostructures/chemistry, Norovirus/*isolation \& purification, Seawater/*virology, Water Microbiology, Water Purification/*instrumentation},
	issn = {1365-2672 (Electronic) 1364-5072 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2672.2010.04691.x},
	author = {Gibbons, C. D. and Rodriguez, R. A. and Tallon, L. and Sobsey, M. D.}
}
