

@article {14779,
	title = {Ultrafiltration-based techniques for rapid and simultaneous concentration of multiple microbe classes from 100-{L} tap water samples},
	journal = {Journal of Microbiological Methods},
	volume = {73},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	abstract = {This study focused on ultrafiltration as a technique for simultaneously concentrating and recovering viruses, bacteria and parasites in 100-L drinking water samples. A chemical dispersant, sodium polyphosphate, and Tween 80 were used to increase microbial recovery efficiencies. Secondary concentration was performed to reduce sample volumes to 3-5 mL for analysis using tissue culture, microscopy, and real-time PCR and RT-PCR. At seeding levels of 100-1000 (CFU, PFU, oocysts, or particles), a "high-flux" ultrafiltration procedure was found to achieve mean recoveries of 51-94\% of simultaneously seeded MS2 bacteriophage, echovirus 1, Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium, Bacillus atrophaeus subsp. globigii endospores, Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, and 4.5-μm microspheres. When 4-7\% of the final sample concentrate volume was assayed using real-time PCR and RT-PCR, overall method sensitivities were {\textbackslash}textbackslashtextless 100 C. parvum oocysts, {\textbackslash}textbackslashtextless 240 PFU echovirus 1, {\textbackslash}textbackslashtextless 100 CFU Salmonella and \~{} 160 CFU B. atrophaeus spores in 100-L drinking water samples. The "high-flux" ultrafiltration procedure required approximately 2 h, including time required for backflushing. Secondary concentration procedures required an additional 1-3 h, while nucleic acid extraction and real-time PCR procedures required an additional 2-2.5 h. Thus, this study demonstrated that efficient recovery and sensitive detection of diverse microbes in 100-L drinking water samples could be achieved within 5-8 h using ultrafiltration, rapid secondary processing techniques, and real-time PCR.},
	doi = {10.1016/j.mimet.2008.02.014},
	author = {Polaczyk, A.L. and Narayanan, J. and Cromeans, T.L. and Hahn, D. and Roberts, J.M. and Amburgey, J.E. and Hill, V.R.}
}
