

@article {14728,
	title = {One-year monthly quantitative survey of noroviruses, enteroviruses, and adenoviruses in wastewater collected from six plants in {Japan}},
	journal = {Water Res},
	volume = {42},
	year = {2008},
	month = {mar},
	pages = {1441{\textendash}8},
	abstract = {Sewerage systems are important nodes to monitor human enteric pathogens transmitted via water. A quantitative virus survey was performed once a month for a year to understand the seasonal profiles of noroviruses genotype 1 and genotype 2, enteroviruses, and adenoviruses in sewerage systems. A total of 72 samples of influent, secondary-treated wastewater before chlorination and effluent were collected from six wastewater treatment plants in Japan. Viruses were successfully recovered from 100ml of influent and 1000ml of the secondary-treated wastewater and effluent using the acid rinse method. Viruses were determined by the RT-PCR or PCR method to obtain the most probable number for each sample. All the samples were also assayed for fecal coliforms (FCs) by a double-layer method. The seasonal profiles of noroviruses genotype 1 and genotype 2 in influent were very similar, i.e. they were abundant in winter (from November to March) at a geometric mean value of 190 and 200 RT-PCR units/ml, respectively, and less frequent in summer (from June to September), at 4.9 and 9.1 RT-PCR units/ml, respectively. The concentrations of enteroviruses and adenoviruses were mostly constant all the year round, 17 RT-PCR units/ml and 320 PCR units/ml in influent, and 0.044 RT-PCR units/ml and 7.0 PCR units/ml in effluent, respectively.},
	keywords = {*Water Microbiology, Adenoviridae/genetics/*isolation \& purification, Data Collection, Enterobacteriaceae/genetics/isolation \& purification, Enterovirus/genetics/*isolation \& purification, Japan, Norovirus/genetics/*isolation \& purification, Polymerase Chain Reaction},
	issn = {0043-1354 (Print) 0043-1354 (Linking)},
	doi = {10.1016/j.watres.2007.10.029},
	author = {Katayama, H. and Haramoto, E. and Oguma, K. and Yamashita, H. and Tajima, A. and Nakajima, H. and Ohgaki, S.}
}
