

@article {1458,
	title = {Microbial Contamination of Drinking Water and Human Health from Community Water Systems},
	journal = {Current Environmental Health Reports},
	volume = {2},
	number = {1},
	year = {2015},
	note = {Ashbolt, Nicholas J eng Review Switzerland 2015/03/31 06:00 Curr Environ Health Rep. 2015;2(1):95-106. doi: 10.1007/s40572-014-0037-5.},
	pages = {95-106},
	type = {Journal Article},
	abstract = {<p>A relatively short list of reference viral, bacterial and protozoan pathogens appears adequate to assess microbial risks and inform a system-based management of drinking waters. Nonetheless, there are data gaps, e.g. human enteric viruses resulting in endemic infection levels if poorly performing disinfection and/or distribution systems are used, and the risks from fungi. Where disinfection is the only treatment and/or filtration is poor, cryptosporidiosis is the most likely enteric disease to be identified during waterborne outbreaks, but generally non-human-infectious genotypes are present in the absence of human or calf fecal contamination. Enteric bacteria may dominate risks during major fecal contamination events that are ineffectively managed. Reliance on culture-based methods exaggerates treatment efficacy and reduces our ability to identify pathogens/indicators; however, next-generation sequencing and polymerase chain reaction approaches are on the cusp of changing that. Overall, water-based Legionella and non-tuberculous mycobacteria probably dominate health burden at exposure points following the various societal uses of drinking water.</p>
},
	keywords = {Antimicrobial resistance Bacteria Enteric pathogen Fungi Haccp Indicator Opportunistic pathogen Parasitic protozoa Qmra Risk management Surrogate Viruses Water safety plans Water-based Waterborne},
	issn = {2196-5412 (Electronic)},
	doi = {10.1007/s40572-014-0037-5},
	url = {http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25821716},
	author = {Ashbolt, N. J.}
}
