

@article {14120,
	title = {Analysis of {Escherichia} coli {O}157:{H}7 {Survival} in {Ovine} or {Bovine} {Manure} and {Manure} {Slurry}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {64},
	year = {1998},
	pages = {3166{\textendash}3174},
	abstract = {Farm animal manure or manure slurry may disseminate, transmit, or propagate Escherichia coli O157:H7. In this study, the survival and growth of E. coli O157:H7 in ovine or bovine feces under various experimental and environmental conditions were determined. A manure pile collected from experimentally inoculated sheep was incubated outside under fluctuating environmental conditions.E. coli O157:H7 survived in the manure for 21 months, and the concentrations of bacteria recovered ranged from {\textbackslash}textless102 to 106 CFU/g at different times over the course of the experiment. The DNA fingerprints of E. coli O157:H7 isolated at month 1 and month 12 were identical or very similar. A second E. coli O157:H7-positive ovine manure pile, which was periodically aerated by mixing, remained culture positive for 4 months. An E. coliO157:H7-positive bovine manure pile was culture positive for 47 days. In the laboratory, E. coli O157:H7 was inoculated into feces, untreated slurry, or treated slurry and incubated at {\^a}{\textasciicircum}{\textquoteright}20, 4, 23, 37, 45, and 70{\^A}{\textdegree}C. E. coliO157:H7 survived best in manure incubated without aeration at temperatures below 23{\^A}{\textdegree}C, but it usually survived for shorter periods of time than it survived in manure held in the environment. The bacterium survived at least 100 days in bovine manure frozen at {\^a}{\textasciicircum}{\textquoteright}20{\^A}{\textdegree}C or in ovine manure incubated at 4 or 10{\^A}{\textdegree}C for 100 days, but under all other conditions the length of time that it survived ranged from 24 h to 40 days. In addition, we found that the Shiga toxin type 1 and 2 genes in E. coli O157:H7 had little or no influence on bacterial survival in manure or manure slurry. The long-term survival of E. coli O157:H7 in manure emphasizes the need for appropriate farm waste management to curtail environmental spread of this bacterium. This study also highlights the difficulties in extrapolating laboratory data to on-farm conditions.},
	issn = {0099-2240},
	author = {Kudva, Indira T and Blanch, Kathryn and Hovde, Carolyn J}
}
