

@article {13786,
	title = {Molecular detection and characterization of gastroenteritis viruses occurring naturally in the stream waters of {Manaus}, {Central} {Amaz{\^o}nia}, {Brazil}},
	journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
	volume = {74},
	number = {2},
	year = {2008},
	abstract = {To assess the presence of the four main viruses responsible for human acute gastroenteritis in a hydrographic network impacted by a disordered urbanization process, a 1-year study was performed involving water sample collection from streams in the hydrographic basin surrounding the city of Manaus, Amazonas, Brazil. Thirteen surface water sample collection sites, including different areas of human settlement characterized as urban, rural, and primary forest, located in the Tarum{\~a}-A{\c c}u, S{\~a}o Raimundo, Educandos, and Puraquequara microbasins, were defined with a global positioning system. At least one virus was detected in 59.6\% (31/52) of the water samples analyzed, and rotavirus was the most frequent (44.2\%), followed by human adenovirus (30.8\%), human astrovirus (15.4\%), and norovirus (5.8\%). The viral contamination observed mainly in the urban streams reflected the presence of a local high-density population and indicated the gastroenteritis burden from pathogenic viruses in the water, principally due to recreational activities such as bathing. The presence of viral genomes in areas where fecal contamination was not demonstrated by bacterial indicators suggests prolonged virus persistence in aquatic environments and emphasizes the enteric virus group as the most reliable for environmental monitoring. Copyright {\textcopyright} 2008, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.},
	doi = {10.1128/AEM.00944-07},
	author = {Miagostovich, M.P. and Ferreira, F.F.M. and Guimar{\~a}es, F.R. and Fumian, T.M. and Diniz-Mendes, L. and Luz, S.L.B. and Silva, L.A. and Leite, J.P.G.}
}
