

@article {13676,
	title = {{Estimation of norovirus and Ascaris infection risks to urban farmers in developing countries using wastewater for crop irrigation.}},
	journal = {Journal of Water and Health},
	volume = {8},
	number = {3},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {572{\textendash}576},
	abstract = {A quantitative microbial risk analysis - Monte Carlo method was used to estimate norovirus and Ascaris infection risks to urban farmers in developing countries watering their crops with wastewater. For a tolerable additional disease burden of <=10-4 DALY loss per person per year (pppy), equivalent to 1 percent of the diarrhoeal disease burden in developing countries, a norovirus reduction of 1-2 log units and an Ascaris egg reduction to 10-100 eggs per litre are required. These are easily achieved by minimal wastewater treatment - for example, a sequential batch-fed three tank/pond system. Hygiene improvement through education and regular deworming are essential complementary inputs to protect the health of urban farmers.},
	keywords = {Agriculture, ascaris, Norovirus, QMRA, Quantitative microbial risk analysis, reuse, Urban, wastewater},
	author = {Mara, Duncan and Sleigh, A}
}
