

@inbook {1235,
	title = {Quantitative analysis of human enteric adenoviruses in aquatic environments Occurrence of viruses and protozoa in drinking water sources of Japan and their relationship to indicator microorganisms},
	booktitle = {J Appl Microbiol},
	volume = {103},
	year = {2007},
	note = {Haramoto, E Katayama, H Oguma, K Ohgaki, S Journal of applied microbiology JAM3453 [pii] J Appl Microbiol. 2007 Dec;103(6):2153-9. Haramoto, Eiji Kitajima, Masaaki Kishida, Naohiro Katayama, Hiroyuki Asami, Mari Akiba, Michihiro Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov{\textquoteright}t Food and environmental virology Food Environ Virol. 2012 Sep;4(3):93-101. doi: 10.1007/s12560-012-9082-0. Epub 2012 Jul 4.},
	pages = {2153-9},
	type = {Book Section},
	address = {England United States},
	abstract = {AIMS: The aim of this study was to determine human adenoviruses (HuAdVs) in aquatic environments by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). METHODS AND RESULTS: In order to describe the ratio of enteric serotypes to the total HuAdVs, the primer set specific for the enteric serotypes 40 and 41 was used in parallel with the universal primer set for all 51 serotypes of HuAdVs. The enteric serotypes of HuAdVs were detected at the concentration of 7.3-1500 PCR-detection units (PDU) per ml in raw sewage (n = 17), 0.00060-4.1 PDU ml(-1) in secondary-treated sewage before chlorination (n = 17), 0.0018-7.0 PDU ml(-1) in river water (n = 36), and 0.032-6.1 PDU ml(-1) in seawater (n = 18). The concentration of HuAdVs, determined by the universal primer set, was equivalent to that of enteric serotypes in almost all the samples tested. CONCLUSIONS: Enteric serotypes were predominant among all serotypes of HuAdVs in the aquatic environments. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: The abundance of enteric serotypes of HuAdVs should be more emphasized than other serotypes in order to assess the risk of their infection via water. A nationwide survey of viruses, protozoa, and indicator microorganisms in drinking water sources of Japan was conducted. Among 64 surface water samples collected from 16 drinking water treatment plants, 51 (80 \%) samples were positive for at least one of the 11 pathogen types tested, including noroviruses of genogroups I (positive rate, 13 \%) and II (2 \%), human sapoviruses (5 \%), human adenoviruses of serotypes 40 and 41 (39 \%), Cryptosporidium oocysts (41 \%), and Giardia cysts (36 \%). Total coliforms, Escherichia coli, and F-specific coliphages were detected in 63 (98 \%), 33 (52 \%), and 17 (27 \%) samples, respectively, and E. coli was judged to be the most suitable indicator of pathogen contamination of drinking water sources. Genogroup-specific real-time PCR for F-specific coliphages revealed the presence of F-specific RNA coliphages of animal genogroup I and human genogroups II and III in 13 (41 \%), 12 (39 \%), and 1 (3 \%), respectively, of 31 plaques isolated.},
	keywords = {Adenovirus Infections, DNA, Human/genetics/ isolation \& purification DNA, Human/transmission Adenoviruses, Viral/analysis Environmental Monitoring/ methods Humans Intestines/ virology Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods Rivers Seawater Serotyping Sewage Water Microbiology Adenoviridae/isolation \& purification Coliphages/isolation \& purific, Viral/genetics/isolation \& purification Sapovirus/isolation \& purification Sequence Analysis},
	isbn = {1364-5072 (Print) 1364-5072 (Linking) 1867-0342 (Electronic)},
	doi = {10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03453.x 10.1007/s12560-012-9082-0},
	author = {Haramoto, E. and Katayama, H. and Oguma, K. and Ohgaki, S. and Kitajima, M. and Kishida, N. and Asami, M. and Akiba, M.}
}
