

@article {11691,
	title = {{The fine structure of frontal glands in adult cestodes}},
	journal = {International Journal of Parasitology},
	volume = {12},
	number = {4},
	year = {1982},
	pages = {285{\textendash}293},
	abstract = {Kuperman B. I. {\&} Davydov V. G. 1982. The fine structure of frontal glands in adult cestodes. International Journal for Parasitology12: 285{\textendash}293. The localization and structure of frontal glands of adult cestodes of 20 species from 4 orders: Caryophyllidea, Pseudophyllidea, Proteocephalidea and Cyclophyllidea were studied by light and electron microscopy. In cestodes of various orders there was evidence of differences in the ultrastructure of secretory cells, in the character of the secretion, and in the method of its discharge. The localization of glands in most adult cestodes is in the scolex. In Cyatocephalus, Ligulidae, Bothriocephalus claviceps, they are distributed also in the anterior and middle part of the body. In the species Caryophylleus {\{}(C.{\}} laticeps) and Khawia sinensis a major gland complex previously not described was discovered. The glands of the cestodes investigated may be divided into three main groups by their structure, localization and functional role in ontogenesis: (1) penetration glands in oncospheres which develop into procercoids and plerocercoids; (2) glands of plerocercoids and adult cestodes which develop in the gut; (3) gland complexes in the representatives of the order Caryophyllidea. The secretion is usually discharged at the scolex region and less frequently on the lateral surface. Three different ways of discharging secretory material from the cestodes body are described.},
	issn = {0020-7519},
	doi = {10.1016/0020-7519(82)90031-5},
	author = {Kuperman, B I and Davydov, V G}
}
